Several of these early Judaic sources also assert that the king Amraphel, who wars with Abraham later in Genesis, is none other than Nimrod himself. Flavius Josephus believed that it was likely under his direction that the building of Babel and its tower began in addition to Josephus, this is also the view found in the Talmud ( Chullin 89a, Pesahim 94b, Erubin 53a, Avodah Zarah 53b), and later midrash such as Genesis Rabba. Nimrod's kingdom included the cities of Babel, Erech, Akkad, and perhaps Calneh, in Shinar (Gen 10:10). In Hebrew and Christian tradition, Nimrod is considered the leader of those who built the Tower of Babel in the land of Shinar, though the Bible never actually states this. Sir Walter Raleigh devoted several pages in his History of the World (1614) to reciting past scholarship regarding the question of whether it had been Nimrod or Ashur who built the cities in Assyria. Owing to an ambiguity in the original Hebrew text, it is unclear whether it is he or Ashur who additionally built Nineveh, Resen, Rehoboth-Ir and Calah (both interpretations are reflected in various English versions).
Genesis says that the "beginning of his kingdom" ( reshit mamlakhto) were the towns of " Babel, Erech, Akkad and Calneh in the land of Shinar" ( Mesopotamia) (Gen 10:10)-understood variously to imply that he either founded these cities, ruled over them, or both. This is repeated in the First Book of Chronicles 1:10, and the "Land of Nimrod" used as a synonym for Assyria or Mesopotamia, is mentioned in the Book of Micah 5:6:Īnd they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof: thus shall he deliver us from the Assyrian, when he cometh into our land, and when he treadeth within our borders.
He is described as the son of Cush, grandson of Ham, and great-grandson of Noah and as "a mighty one in the earth" and "a mighty hunter before the Lord". The first biblical mention of Nimrod is in the Table of Nations. Pieter Bruegel's The Tower of Babel depicts a traditional Nimrod inspecting stonemasons.
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